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Review
. 2018 Aug;51(8):378-387.
doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.8.128.

With the greatest care, stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins verify what skeletal muscle is doing

Chung-Hyun Cho  1 , Keon Jin Lee  2 , Eun Hui Lee  2
Affiliations
Review

With the greatest care, stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins verify what skeletal muscle is doing

Chung-Hyun Cho et al. BMB Rep. 2018 Aug.

Abstract

Skeletal muscle contracts or relaxes to maintain the body position and locomotion. For the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle, Ca2＋ in the cytosol of skeletal muscle fibers acts as a switch to turn on and off a series of contractile proteins. The cytosolic Ca2＋ level in skeletal muscle fibers is governed mainly by movements of Ca2＋ between the cytosol and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Store-operated Ca2＋ entry (SOCE), a Ca2＋ entryway from the extracellular space to the cytosol, has gained a significant amount of attention from muscle physiologists. Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are the main protein identities of SOCE. This mini-review focuses on the roles of STIM proteins and SOCE in the physiological and pathophysiological functions of skeletal muscle and in their correlations with recently identified proteins, as well as historical proteins that are known to mediate skeletal muscle function. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(8): 378-387].

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicting interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Ca2+ movements involving STIMs and/or skeletal SOCE in skeletal muscle, and proteins that either regulate or are otherwise related to the Ca2+ movements. A triad junction with proteins that either regulate or are related to STIMs and skeletal SOCE is depicted, and the involvement of STIM proteins in the Ca2+ movements of skeletal muscle fibers is presented (A to F). DHPR, dihydropyridine receptors; RyR1, ryanodine receptor 1; STIM1, stromal interaction molecule 1; STIM2, stromal interaction molecule 2; STIM1L, a long form of STIM1; SERCA1a, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1a; SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum; and, t-tubule, transverse-tubule. The direction of Ca2+ movements via the proteins is presented by black arrows. STIMs and/or skeletal SOCE participate in various skeletal muscle functions, ranging from short to long and from physiological to pathophysiological phenomena (summarized in the right-hand panel). Proteins that contribute to the formation and maintenance of the triad junction (JP1, JP2, or MG29) are not depicted, despite their significance.
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