Computer science. Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved
- PMID: 25574016
- DOI: 10.1126/science.1259433
Computer science. Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved
Abstract
Poker is a family of games that exhibit imperfect information, where players do not have full knowledge of past events. Whereas many perfect-information games have been solved (e.g., Connect Four and checkers), no nontrivial imperfect-information game played competitively by humans has previously been solved. Here, we announce that heads-up limit Texas hold'em is now essentially weakly solved. Furthermore, this computation formally proves the common wisdom that the dealer in the game holds a substantial advantage. This result was enabled by a new algorithm, CFR(+), which is capable of solving extensive-form games orders of magnitude larger than previously possible.
Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Comment in
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Computer science. Solving imperfect-information games.Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):122-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4614. Science. 2015. PMID: 25574004 No abstract available.
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Commentary: Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved.Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 21;9:210. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00210. eCollection 2018. Front Psychol. 2018. PMID: 29515510 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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