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Barriers to Competition and Productivity: Evidence from India
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Jagadeesh Sivadasan
Published/Copyright:
September 23, 2009
Abstract
A number of economic theories suggest that barriers to competition lead to higher levels of inefficiency among incumbents. In this paper, we use a detailed plant-level dataset to study the impact on productivity of two reforms (initiated in 1991) aimed at increasing product market competition in India -- liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) and reduction in tariff rates. First, we examine the effect of the liberalization policies on mean plant-level productivity in the targeted industries. We find significant increases in productivity in the FDI and tariff-liberalized industries, particularly in the longer term (1993-94). We check and find our results robust to a range of robustness tests. Next, we examine the role of intensive (within-plant productivity growth) and extensive (reallocation from less to more productive plants) margins in the post-reform productivity improvement, and find a predominant role for the former. Finally, we assess potential channels for within-firm productivity improvement. Consistent with a role for price competition, we find evidence of greater declines in output prices as well as concentration measures in the liberalized sectors.
Keywords: competition; efficiency; firm performance; foreign direct investment; trade liberalization; industrial policy
Published Online: 2009-9-23
©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
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Keywords for this article
competition;
efficiency;
firm performance;
foreign direct investment;
trade liberalization;
industrial policy
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